APA格式主要用于心理学、教育学、社会科学领域的论文写作。其规范格式主要包括文内文献引用(Reference Citations in Text)和文后参考文献列举(Reference List)两大部分。APA格式强调出版物的年代(Time of the Publication Year)而不大注重原文作者的姓名。引文时常将出版年代置于作者缩写的名( the Initial of Author's First Name)之前。中国的外语类期刊(语言学刊物为主)及自然科学类的学术刊物喜欢使用APA格式。
APA格式论文写作要求规范
1.期刊内的文章
引注参考资料的顺序是:作者(姓,名. 名.)、年份、文章名、刊期号、页数。
(1)期刊文章,只有一个作者。
举例:
Kember,D.(2001).Orientations to enrolment of part-time students: A classification system based upon students’ percEived lifelong learning. Higher Education Research & Development, Vol. 20, No. 3, 265-280.
(2)期刊文章,有两个作者。
举例:
Zhang, W. Y. & Shin, N. M. (2002). Imported or indigenous? A
comparative study of three open and distance education models in Mainland China, India and Hong Kong, Open Learning, Vol. 12, No. 2, 167-176.
(3)期刊文章,有三至六个作者。
举例:
Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There's more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, No. 65, 1190-1204.
注:以上的“&”是“和”的意思。
(4)期刊文章,有六个以上作者。
举例:
Harris, M., Karper, E., Stacks, G., Hoffman, D., DeNiro, R., Cruz, P., et al. (2001). Writing labs and the Hollywood connection. Journal of Film and Writing, Vol. 20, No. 3, 213-245.
注:以上的“et al.”是“等等”的意思。
2.书籍
引注参考资料的顺序是:作者、出版年份、书名、出版地点(城市),出版社。
举例:
Zhang, W. Y. (Ed.) (2003). Global perspectives: philosophy and practice in Distanc e Education, BEIjing: China Central Radio & Television University Press.
Lowery, G. & Stover, T. (2001). Managing projects with Microsoft Project 2000. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
注:“Ed.” 或“Eds.”的意思是主编的书,如果只有一位主编,用“Ed.”,如果是两位或以上主编,则用“Eds.”.
3.书中的章节或论文集的文章
引注参考资料的顺序是:作者、出版年代、章节的名、书的作者、书名、章节页数、出版地点(城市),出版社。
举例:
Zhang, W. Y. & Kirk, P. (2002). A profile of online education in selected open universities in Asia. In D. Murphy, N. M. Shin, & W. Y. Zhang (Eds.), Advancing online learning in Asia, pp. 1-15. Hong Kong: Open University of Hong Kong Press.
注:这里全书的作者的姓名排列是先名后姓。
4.电子期刊的文章
引注参考资料的顺序是:作者、年份、文章题目、期刊名、期刊号、读取日期、网址。
举例:
Zhang, W. Y., Niu, J. & Jiang, G. Z. (2002). Web-Based education at conventional universities in China: a case study, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning: Vol. 2, No. 2. Retrieved on 15 October 2002.
5.研讨会文章
引注参考资料的顺序是:作者、年份、文章题目、发表形式、会议名称、会议地点、会议时间。
举例:
Zhang, W. Y., Perris, K. & Poon, T. (2002). ‘A profile of web-based instruction in selected open universities in Asia’, Paper (on CD-ROM) of the 2nd Conference on Research in Distance and Adult Learning in Asia, Hong Kong, 5-7 June 2002